The NEON Biorepository’s mammal collections are a rapidly growing resource for research on the diversity, distribution, and ecology of U.S. mammals, with a particularly strong and expanding representation of contemporary rodents and shrews. The collections include frozen tissues and other mammal-related materials, providing valuable resources for genetic, genomic, morphological, viral, microbiome, and ecological research. Their strength lies not only in the breadth and continued growth of their holdings, but also in their standardized collection across NEON’s geographically extensive network of field sites and their linkage to rich environmental and ecological data.

The NEON Biorepository’s fish, reptile, and amphibian collections provide a valuable complement to traditional vertebrate natural history collections, preserving specimens obtained primarily as incidental mortalities during standardized ecological sampling. Although the voucher collections are relatively small, they document species occurrence across a geographically extensive network of sites and are linked to associated ecological data, providing important context for biodiversity and ecosystem research. A particular strength is the substantial and growing collection of fish DNA extracts preserved at −80°C, which supports DNA barcoding, molecular identification, and future genetic research. Together, these collections offer a valuable long-term resource for investigating aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate diversity, validating species identifications, and connecting physical specimens with NEON’s broader ecological observations.